Research paper on OSTEOPETROSIS Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On OSTEOPETROSIS - Research Paper Example Mortality associated with infantile osteopetrosis is high. Those with adult osteopetrosis have longterm survival chances. In this research essay, the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and prevention will be discussed. Purpose The main purpose of the paper is to present an overview of osteopetrosis. Pathophysiology The main defect in osteopetrosis is in osteoclast which belongs to monocyte-macrophage lineage and genetic defects leads to abnormal osteoclasts (Tolar et al, 2004). Osteoclasts are very important in the modelling and remodeling of the tissue of the bone and defective osteoclasts fail to model and remodel the bone appropriately, resulting in abnormal encroachment and deposition of bone tissue (Teitelbaum, 2000). The abnormal bone tissue is susceptible to fractures and can encroach into the bone marrow leading to bone marrow failure. it can also encroach around the nerves causing nerve entrapment syndrome. When blood vessels are affected, isch emia, especially of the bones like mandible can occur. Eventually, the patient develops multiple fractures, anemia, bleeding disorders and sepsis (Bhargava, and Griffing, 2009). Clinical presentation The clinical presentation depends on the type of osteopetrosis.

Network security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Network security - Research Paper Example This study proposes a number of ad hoc network protocols that will operate during on-demand basis or situations because on-demand protocols are known to have faster reaction and lower overhead compared to other routing protocols considering proactive mechanisms. Recently, there have been many developments as concerns mounting secure routing protocols for ad hoc networks incorporating a significant number of on-demand secure routing protocols to shield a number of probable attacks. In this study, a new attack that causes denial of service when exposed to all the previous on-demand network protocols is presented; it is referred to as rushing attack. Ad hoc network protocols like AODV and DSR with all security protocols imposed on them can’t discover routes which are longer than 2 hops when subjected to this attack. This is a serious attack because it can be propagated by even relatively very weak attackers. This study pays close attention to the setbacks that previous protocols had hence failing to counter this grave attack and come up with a RAP (Rushing Attack Prevention) which is a standard protection against on-demand protocols rushing attack. This protection provides a provable security feature to weak and even the stronger rushing attackers at no cost provided the underlying protocol does not fail to identify the working route. Topic description Nowadays the WSNs or Wireless sensor networks is gaining a global interest of its usage of minimal power radio skills and microelectronic systems. Its Sensor nodes are able to use batteries as a major source of power as well as harness energy from the environment as the case of solar panels. However the wireless sensor network architecture for WSN like any other wireless technology, it is subjected to a number of security attacks because it uses broadcast way of a transmission channel. A number of limitations in including security in WSN are prevalent e.g. : communication, storage limitations, processing capa bilities and computation, therefore, to plan a security protocol one has to understand all these challenges if acceptable performance is to be achieved (C?ayirci and Rong 187-202). This study will therefore, elaborate certain kinds of attacks over the ad hoc and wireless sensor networks as well as doing security analysis of the main routing protocols in these networks as pertains security goals and design. Ad hoc network can be described as a group of mobile nodes or computers that collaborate with each other by forwarding packets to each other; this enables them to extend their limited communication range for each computer’s wireless network interface. This study shall produce a number of established protocols in ad hoc networks. These networks are mostly preferred in situations where the communicating computers are mobile and wired network use is not economical or generally not present. These nodes may run applications from un-trusted sources and therefore a need of a secur e routing protocol. Secure routing protocols shouldn’t only be implemented only because of known attackers but even for the unforeseen ones because it will provide resilience to misconfigured computers. Routing tables for misconfigured nodes poses a

Changing Trends Of Hospitality Industry In India Tourism Essay

Changing Trends Of Hospitality Industry In India Tourism Essay As the Hospitality industry is a very vast topic, therefore, in order to make my dissertation proposal probable, I had to narrow down the hospitality industry to hotels and bars only for some part of the project like the change in the viewpoints of consumers, and for certain hotels which have their locations all around the world. My key focus would be mainly the top Players in the Industry owing hotels and lounge. In the recent past years, India has witnessed a tremendous boom in the hospitality industry, just like many other segments. The fact that the Indias economy had been growing rapidly and India as a whole had been facing a huge challenge of being under roomed gave a juncture to the hospitality industry. In order to leverage this opportunity a lot of real estate developers have also been investing into this business. (http://www.iloveindia.com/economy-of-india/hotel-industry.html, viewed on 28-dec-2010) However, with an increase in the tourism industry, IT, BPO segments, foreign travelers, affordable airline fares, etc, there has been a growth in the hospitality industry. Many other factors such as Commonwealth Games in Delhi have been fueling the need further. The middle class is becoming more opulent and the native Indian tourist travel has been growing rapidly, particularly in places such as Goa, Kerala and Rajasthan.( http://www.iloveindia.com/economy-of-india/hotel-industry.html ,viewed on 28-dec-2010) It was often said that a hotel must have a beautiful location and a succulent food in order to succeed. However, in todays competitive world, even an inconsequential mistake can prove to be jeopardous. The contribution in the information technology segment has also strengthened and so the growing hospitality industries have started looking for new areas to improve their work and efficiencies. The IT first came into start at an upfront desk where the receptionist would look for the names of the customer and then provide them with a room. In order to improve the operations, big hotels started setting accounting system and softwares for their back offices. As the chain of hotels started progressing in their process across the country, it was much required to look after their assets. This gave rise to the demand for a system to manage the property, which allowed hospitality groups to keep a track of their assets across different states. It was during the same period of time, that the big hospitality chains also felt the need for centralizing the system. This period saw chain of hotels being networked and then connected to a central server. Just like the Taj Group of Hotels have linked a WAN thats named Taj Net, which connects the groups of 55 properties across India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. There are many advantages in having a centralized system. As the Hotel industries has been dependant on Travel and Tourism industry to a great extent, the combination of this travel and tourism has also helped in building up hospitality industry. (www.expresshospitality.com viewed on 03-Jan -2011) RECIPIENT FOR THE RESEARCH WORK The recipient for this research work would be: The key recipient Myself My research adviser Top Hotels/ Resto- Bars in India and their Managers The Customers of Hotels RESEARCH SUITABILITY The topic that I have chosen for research relates to me very well. In the present day scenario, the global market trend sights that the survival of the fittest companies are competing with each other and the quality and service that these companies provide are the key concept for any companies growth. My research is focused much towards the support and service that is provided after occupying the hotel room and for any organization it would be a basic foundation concept to satisfy their customers and understand the need of their customers. As we can see many of the leading MNCs are paving their path to countries, which could provide them with services with better quality. LITERATURE REVIEW The hospitality industry is one of the largest employers in most of the countries with being geographically dispersed in different sectors. The globalization of the industry has advanced under the influence of the advances in technology, transportation and communication, deregulation and elimination of political barriers as well as thriving competition in the global economy (Clarke and Chen, International Hospitality Management ,w. 2007). The hotel as a whole is basically a mix of five characteristics: its location, its mix of facilities, its image, the services that it provides and the price it charges (Holloway and Neil Taylor, 2006, Pg. 2003). As said by Amadeus, the global hotel industry is driven by globalization, new Technology and a new breed of customers. The hospitality industry, which has been with unparalleled opportunity, is undergoing a period of extraordinary transformation. A report accredited by the Amadeus group to learn about the hotel industry, recommended that the hospitality industry stand to face major difficulties from the emerging new technologies such as bookings through tele or mobile phones and from the online social networking sites. Guests can now easily exchange views about what they think of the hotels through social networking. Quality is now given more priority than before. Hotels are under threat to deliver the highest standards of excellence as the knowledge and level of exposure of travelers has increased. The hotels have been awaiting to modify their technology and communication systems as mobile booking has expected to become a very common practice.(HayHurst,2008). In recent years, the organizations in the hospitality industry are undergoing a great deal of distract as due to the pressure of globalization, the competitive forces within their businesses have been modified. Therefore, in order to survive, most companies have realized that they must frame a competitive advantage by relying on their employees to improve the quality of delivery (George Bohlander, Scott Snell, 2009 Business Economics) Hoteliers are now able to identify the value of risk taking, novelty, and the intense search for opportunities as primary drivers of growth and value creation (Jogaratnam G., Vol. 18 No. 6, 2006). In addition, there has been an increase in the usage of technology as a mode of making online reservations through several distribution channels. These channels can be interpreted as an organized and serviced system that is paid for, out of the marketing budget and is used to provide an access to the customers, who are away from the location of production and consumption (Middleton and Clark, Marketing in Travel and Tourism, 2001). Usually in India, customers would make a reservation by either directly approaching the hotel or by booking through a travel agent. However, now the electronic distribution channels like the Global Distribution System (GDS) and the internet have been steadily gaining popularity. (Dabas and Manakt., Vol. 19 No. 5, 2007). Because of the perishable nature of the inventories, its very crucial for the hotel to have an economical distribution. (OConnor ,Vol. 4. pg 1-15, 2002). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Every research methodology includes a research design which may be defined as the set of conditions organized hypothetically for the collection and analysis of data that aims to integrate relevance to the research process with economy in procedure Research Problem: Understanding the development in hospitality industry along with the current trends and, how the companies have been affected the need for their consumers as well as their perception. Research Question: The changing trends of the Hospitality Industry in India Research Objectives: 1. The performance of Hospitality industry in India. 2. How has the trend transformed in the past few years. 3. Analysing the demand and supply of accommodation and growing prices in different Indian hospitality industry? 4. How has the perception about the restaurants/hotels and bars changed in the minds of consumers? 5. Who are the chief players in the Indian market as well as the ones that have branched outside India? Approach: Since there is no relationship between the Hospitality Industry and the conclusion, the research would be fully prelusive so that the conclusion, which is being analysed using different methods of survey and study, would support the research. Strategy: The strategy that will be followed for the research work will be Surveys. Surveys will be taken from either the Hotels or Resto-Bars in India and also from the customers of different hospitality segments. DATA COLLECTION My data collection processes for this research would consist of series of procedures, which would be further branched into primary and secondary data collection. PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION The main processes that I would be relying on while using my primary data collection would be through questionnaire based on the information, that will be done by personally meeting the customers and by sending them posts and by meeting the staff of the hotel in person. The questionnaire I would be working on, would be divided in a way that would be most efficient in handling them and by keeping the time factor into consideration, the most applicable system would be applied to the best suitable group. While applying a wrong process in gathering information would result in delaying the whole operation. The research topic requires a Qualitative method to evaluate the findings aimed for. A well framed questionnaire will be given in person. The appropriate tool for my research proposal would be a type of a survey, because the best way to obtain the required data , in order to find answers for my research questions ,would be asking a set of questions. Every methods of data collection have its own advantages as well as disadvantages. For example: Internet survey: Survey done through e-mails and file sharing. The advantages of Internet as a mode of survey are: 1. Survey can be set up faster. 2. Survey results are faster. 3. Response can be administered by allowing pre and post questions. 4. The skip-pattern questions can be used to eliminate interviewer error. 5. Respondent can answer at their own convenience. 6. Cost of interview in minimal. Although, Internet survey has many advantages, it might not be the most appropriate method of surveying for this dissertation. The reason behind this is the anonymity of the web, which makes any type of affirmation difficult, if not impossible. Postal Questionnaire is yet another type of survey which has the following advantages and disadvantages : Advantages Their costs are relatively low. Data can be obtained from large sample areas. Can avoid interview bias. Privacy settings can be enhanced for the respondents. Rating scales can be flexible. Disadvantages Poor response rates. Respondents may misinterpret questions. The intended person may not be the one who completed questionnaire. The relative nature of the questions to be posted is supposed to have confidential information, has made me to decide that postal questionnaire might be the most appropriate form for collecting information. The methods for data collection range from the simple use of postal questionnaire to face-to-face interviews, where an interviewer uses tape recorder and note taking as their tools for collecting information. Few of the methods are expensive but they surely guarantee a good response rate, while others being cheap to administer but are most likely to produce a poor response (Les Oakshott, 2001) SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION: The secondary data are the type of data that are made by others for their own purposes. The secondary data for my research proposal would be gathered from the companies own data archives and from their annual financial reports. In addition, the findings of former research studies on outsourcing an accounting process would give an ample amount of historical data or decision-making patterns. I would also be using Internet to get some more information about the industry and use journals for getting instruction from the past researches on this topic. TOOLS FOR DATA ANALYSIS The data collected from the questionnaire would be analyzed through the SPSS text analysis. Different mode of SPSS analysis will be used in analyzing the data from the questionnaire. RESEARCH : NEW AND RELEVANT? Lately this topic has been quiet popular , with a boom in the hospitality industry there have been a lot of researcher working on this topic in order to understand the needs and behaviour of the people, so that they could suggest steps to improve and help grow the industry. The topic for this research is also a hot subject as the tourism industry is also connected with the hospitality industry and the tourism industry has progressed alot.

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Definitions of yoga in terms of Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism are spiritual and discipline. It has been loved by diverse demographics. Yoga is more than posturing and increasing flexibility of our body, but it also works as a technique of not only controlling our body and mind but also managing our souls. â€Å"The traditional purpose of Yoga, however, has always been to bring about a profound transformation in the person through the transcendence of the ego.† Feuerstein3 (Ettington, 2012) The earliest beginning of yoga is still not clear, but one essay suggests that traditional yoga was originated in the Indus civilization and the early Vedic religious traditions (Jacobsen, 2005). Since then, yoga has been practiced for thousands of years and evolved and changed over time. American history of yoga starts from the time when a quota was imposed on Indian immigrants by the United States Immigrant Services, and this quota allowed Americans can visit and travel the East Asia for teaching purposes. In 1947, Theos Bernard came back to the United States from India and wrote a book called Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience. Also, at the similar time, Indra Devi, known as the grandfather of American yoga, opened the first yoga studio in California. Richard Hittleman, however, was the most contributed person who spread yoga to the large population (Hammond, n.d.). Yoga has the eightfold path, which is structural processes for yoga practices. Practicing these eight paths allows all elements of our body balanced and brings completeness to our lives if we are connected to the divine (Doran, n.d.). Among eight paths, Asanas and Pranayama are the types that are most known to the public. Asanas means practicing body postures by foc... ... pranayama, really helps people to focus on their lives more and gives them different perspectives on their lives. I would define yoga as a guide that leads people to reach to their utmost condition and place. Citation Doran, J,D,W. (n.d.) The  Eight Limbs  , The Core of Yoga. Retrieved from http://www.expressionsofspirit.com/yoga/eight-limbs.htm Ettington, M. (2012). Raja Yoga – Through the Ages. M.K. Ettington Books. Retrieved from https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/238113 Farhi, D. (n.d.). What are Yoga Asanas and Why Practice Them. Retrieved from https://www.healthy.net/Health/Article/What_are_Yoga_Asanas_and_Why_Practice_Them/1092/2 Hammond, H. (n.d.). Yoga’s Trip to America. Yoga Journal. Retrieved from http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/467 Jacob, A, K. (2005). Theory and Practice of Yoga: Essays in Honour of Gerald James Larson. MA: Brill Leiden-Boston.

GASB and FASB Accounting Paper Essay

In this paper I will describe the different between GASB and FASB and their objectives of the two standards. I will also provide how to modified accrual basis of accounting in which they differs from full accrual accounting. The GASB sets generally accepted accounting standards for the government except the federal government and non-profit organizations while the FASB is for private and public organizations. The objective of GASB is to create and set accounting standards that would ensure that financial statements would be accurate for creditors, investors and to the public. The GASB really do not have the power to enforce compliance with the standards but the authorities for its standard are recognized under the code of professional conduct of the AICPA. Most financial statements accounting for government and non-profit organizations are fund base, which actually shows how their organization money is used instead of how much revenue they earned in the cycle. The objective for the FASB was created to aid improve standards of financial accounting and reporting the way financial reporting by nongovernmental, that provides information in which is use to make decision regarding data that is use by investors, creditors, auditors of financial reports. In simpler terms the FASB is a set of standards that would record and present financial transactions in which the businesses must have to present how they will earn revenue instead of how much revenue they have spent for the cycle period. The accrual accounting will record all revenues and expenditures and there is no set rule of when cash is pertain to the translations and received or paid whether used by private corporation or public corporation in modified accrual accounting revenues that are available by measurable and expenditures when there are liability related to incurred and used by government organization in the accounting for their transactions. But exception to the rule there is no deferral of cost that  will be done in the future period cycles. All physical assets that will be services in the future must be written off or expense with in the period the service occurs. In conclusion, the GASB and the FASB are great standards to use when operating organization whether is private organization or a public organization. Both have a set of rule and regulations that improve the way financial report should be created, prepared and reduced the risk of fraud References Granof, M.H. & Khumanwala, S.B. (2011). Government and not-for-profit accounting: Concepts & practices. (5thed.)) Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Son Copley, P.A., & Engstrom, J.H. (2007). Essentials of accounting for governmental and not-for-profit organizations (8th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Dante Alighieri’s Inferno Paper Essay

Inferno is the first part of Dante Alighieri’s 14th-century epic poem Divine Comedy. Inferno is an allegory telling of the journey of Dante through Hell, guided by the Roman poet Virgil. In the poem, Hell is described as nine circles of suffering located within the Earth. Allegorically, the Divine Comedy represents the journey of the soul towards God, with the Inferno describing the recognition and rejection of sin. Because Dante is an educated Christian, he uses mythological references to make Hell visually appealing. Dante is guided By Virgil because he believes Virgil represents human reason, something very important to Dante. The two poets begin their journey to Purgatory by descending into the first circle of Hell. The first circle of the nine is Limbo. Limbo is â€Å"a region on the edge of hell for those who are not saved even though they did not sin† (University of Texas). In Limbo, there is a castle with seven gates which symbolize the seven virtues (historylis ts.org). This castle houses the great poets Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan; it also houses great philosophers such as Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, Heraclitus, Orpheus, and Euclid. Dante uses the allusion of Aristotle as â€Å"[a] man with honor and respect† (http://apliterature-sasd.wikispaces.com). The second circle is known as Lust. Lust consists of the â€Å"people who were overcome by lust† (University of Texas). The souls in Lust â€Å"are punished by being blown violently back and forth by strong winds, preventing them to find peace and rest† (historylists.org). The strong winds symbolize the restlessness of a person who is led by desire for another person. Dante comes across a couple, Francesca and Paolo, who were murdered because they were practicing adultery. Lust is guarded by the mythological creature Minos. Minos’ tail determines which level each and every soul belongs. Once a soul has told Minos why they are in Hell, his tail coils around his body and e ach coil represents a circle in Hell. Dante uses Minos as the â€Å"king of sinners† because Minos himself was surrounded by sinner during his lifetime. The Third circle is known as Gluttony. Gluttony is where the Gluttonous sinners suffer under a cold and filthy rain. Gluttony is guarded by Cerberus, the three-headed dog. Dante â€Å"adapts him to be more monstrous by his large size and ravenous bite, an apt symbol for gluttony† (foxtwin.com). Dante uses particular names for particular people in each circle. A prime example of this would be when Dante and Virgil come across Ciacco the most gluttonous  man. He warns Dante that their hometown, Florence, will be destroyed. The fourth circle, avarice and prodigality, is known for housing those who lust for material needs and those who keep their wealth all for themselves. The punishment for this circle is to carry around large boulders and bump against each other. â€Å"The boulder represents money and the weight of the boulder represents its weight in their lives† (University of Texas). Here, Virgil and Dante come across Plutus, the God of Wealth. Dante uses Plutus to symbolize â€Å"those that squander and gather money† (foxtwin.com). The two Poets also come across Dame Fortune, the spinner of the world. As a result of her spinning wheel, things turn from good to bad. Dante uses Dame Fortune to represent chance in a human’s life. The fifth circle represents Wrath and Sullenness. â€Å"Wrath is anger that is expressed and Sullenness is and that is repressed† (University of Texas). Dante and Virgil are transported across the Styx by Phlegyas,† the infernal employee†. Phlegyas is in Hell because he set fire to the temple of Apollo. The sixth circle represents Heresy. In Heresy, the heretics lie in tombs made of iron and engulfed in flames. While in Heresy, the Poets are temporarily halted and must wait for the help from Heaven. While waiting for help, Infernal Furies taunt and curse them. The seventh circle, Violence, is divided into three kinds of violence. The first is violence against neighbor s on the bloody River Phlegethon. The river is not made of water, but of blood. Here, Virgil and Dante come across the Centaurs, the half-man and half-horse creature. The poets also come across the Minotaur. The Minotaur occasionally eats seven young men and women, in which Dante uses to symbolize violence. The second violence is against self in the Woods of Self. â€Å"The souls of those who destroyed their bodies or their substance are here to be made into thorny trees† (foxtwin.com). Since the souls destroyed their own bodies, they were denied any resemblance to a body in Hell. The leaves of these trees were painfully eaten by the Harpies. The third violence is against God, Art, and Nature on the burning sand. The eighth circle consists of the fraudulent sinners. This circle is shaped similar to an arena with â€Å"ten concentric ditches where the sinners are tortured† (foxtwin.com). Each ditch is composed with different types of fraudulent sinners: the Panderers, the Flatterers, the Simoniacs, the Fortune Tellers, the Grafters, the Hypocrites, Thieves, and Deceivers. In circle eight, the Poets meet the complex monster Geryon. Geryon would lure  in his victims and then devour them, allowing Dante to use him as fraud. Dante also uses Pope Nicholas II as a symbol as fraud. The final circle is known as The Treacherous or Cocytus. Cocytus â€Å"is the coldest place in Hell† (University of Texas). This circle consists of four smaller circles: Caina, Antenora, Ptolomea, and Judecca. Dante uses three unnamed giants to symbolize â€Å"pride and other spiritual flaws lying behind acts of treachery† (University of Texas). Dante, in his work Inferno, uses several historical and mythological figures to show his Christian devotion and Greek mythological knowledge. He also used these figures to make the poem a better read and to make modern connections of the t ime.